<!--themify_builder_static--><h1 id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="text-align: center;">A Dog's Life</h1><p style="text-align: center;">The <b>domestic dog</b> (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i> when considered a subspecies of the <a title="Wolf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf">wolf</a> or <i>Canis familiaris</i> when considered a distinct species)<sup id="cite_ref-wang2008_4-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-wang2008-4">%5B4%5D</a></sup> is a member of the genus <i><a title="Canis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis">Canis</a></i> (canines), which forms part of the <a title="Evolution of the wolf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_wolf#Wolf-like_canids">wolf-like canids</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lindblad2005_5-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-lindblad2005-5">%5B5%5D</a></sup> and is the most widely abundant terrestrial <a title="Carnivore" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore">carnivore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-:0-6">%5B6%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fan2016_7-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-fan2016-7">%5B7%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thalmann2013_8-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-thalmann2013-8">%5B8%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vila1999_9-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-vila1999-9">%5B9%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-:1-10">%5B10%5D</a></sup> The dog and the <a title="Neontology" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neontology">extant</a> <a title="Gray wolf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_wolf">gray wolf</a> are <a title="Sister group" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_group">sister taxa</a><sup id="cite_ref-vila1997_11-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-vila1997-11">%5B11%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freedman2014_12-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-freedman2014-12">%5B12%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-larson2014_13-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-larson2014-13">%5B13%5D</a></sup> as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first <a title="Domestication" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication">domesticated</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-freedman2014_12-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-freedman2014-12">%5B12%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-larson2014_13-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-larson2014-13">%5B13%5D</a></sup> which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is <a title="Extinction" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction">extinct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vonholdt2016_14-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-vonholdt2016-14">%5B14%5D</a></sup> The dog was the first <a title="Species" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species">species</a> to be domesticated<sup id="cite_ref-larson2014_13-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-larson2014-13">%5B13%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perri2016_15-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-perri2016-15">%5B15%5D</a></sup> and has been <a title="Selective breeding" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding">selectively bred</a> over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-ADW_16-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-ADW-16">%5B16%5D</a></sup></p><p style="text-align: center;">Their <a title="Human–canine bond" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93canine_bond">long association with humans</a> has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior<sup id="cite_ref-berns2012_17-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-berns2012-17">%5B17%5D</a></sup> and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.<sup id="cite_ref-axelssonetal2013_18-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-axelssonetal2013-18">%5B18%5D</a></sup> New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencemag_19-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-sciencemag-19">%5B19%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes_20-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-latimes-20">%5B20%5D</a></sup> Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.<sup id="cite_ref-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-21">%5B21%5D</a></sup> Dogs perform many roles for people, such as <a title="Hunting dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting_dog">hunting</a>, <a title="Herding dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_dog">herding</a>, <a title="Sled dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sled_dog">pulling loads</a>, <a title="Guard dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_dog">protection</a>, <a title="Police dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_dog">assisting police</a> and <a title="Dogs in warfare" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs_in_warfare">military</a>, <a title="Pet" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet">companionship</a> and, more recently, <a title="Service dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_dog">aiding handicapped individuals</a> and <a title="Therapy dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy_dog">therapeutic</a> roles. This influence on human society has given them the <a title="Sobriquet" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet">sobriquet</a>"<a title="Man's best friend (phrase)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27s_best_friend_(phrase)">man's best friend</a>".</p><p style="text-align: center;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</p> [gallery type="slideshow" link="file" columns="1" size="full" ids="6508,6509,6510,6511,6512,6513,6514,2008,2003,2004,1154,2914,3372,3373,3371,3368,6528,6529,6530,6531,6532,6533,6534,6535,6536,6537,6538,6539,6540,6541,6542,6543,6544,6545,6546,6547,6548,6549,6550,6551,6552,6553,6554,6555,6556,6557,6558,6559"] <h2> </h2><ul><li style="text-align: center;">The term <i>dog</i> typically is applied both to the species (or subspecies) as a whole, and any adult male member of the same.</li><li style="text-align: center;">An adult female is a <i>bitch</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">An adult male capable of reproduction is a <i>stud</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">An adult female capable of reproduction is a <i>brood bitch</i>, or <i>brood mother</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">Immature males or females (that is, animals that are incapable of reproduction) are <i>pups</i> or <i>puppies</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">A group of pups from the same <a title="Gestation period" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation_period">gestation period</a> is a <i>litter</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">The father of a litter is a <i>sire</i>. It is possible for one litter to have multiple sires.</li><li style="text-align: center;">The mother of a litter is a <i>dam</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">A group of any three or more adults is a <i>pack</i>.</li></ul><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><a title="Dog health" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_health">Dog health</a><p style="text-align: center;">There are many household plants that are poisonous to dogs (and other mammals) including <a title="Begonia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begonia">begonia</a>, <a title="Poinsettia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a> and <a title="Aloe vera" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera">aloe vera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-79">%5B78%5D</a></sup></p><p style="text-align: center;">Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as <a title="Elbow dysplasia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow_dysplasia">elbow</a> and <a title="Hip dysplasia (canine)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)">hip dysplasia</a>, <a title="Blindness" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness">blindness</a>, <a title="Deafness" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafness">deafness</a>, <a title="Pulmonary valve stenosis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_valve_stenosis">pulmonic stenosis</a>, <a title="Cleft lip and palate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate">cleft palate</a>, and <a title="Luxating patella" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxating_patella">trick knees</a>. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are <a title="Pyometra" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyometra">pyometra</a>, affecting <a title="Neutering" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutering">unspayed</a> females of all types and ages, and <a title="Gastric dilatation volvulus" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_dilatation_volvulus">gastric dilatation volvulus</a> (bloat), which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as <a title="Flea" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea">fleas</a>, <a title="Tick" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick">ticks</a>, and <a title="Mite" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mite">mites</a>, as well as <a title="Hookworms" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookworms">hookworms</a>, <a title="Tapeworms" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapeworms">tapeworms</a>, <a title="Roundworms" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundworms">roundworms</a>, and <a title="Dirofilaria immitis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis">heartworms</a>.</p><p style="text-align: center;">A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including <a title="Chocolate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate">chocolate solids</a> (<a title="Theobromine poisoning" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobromine_poisoning">theobromine poisoning</a>), onion and <a title="Garlic" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic">garlic</a> (<a title="Thiosulphate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosulphate">thiosulphate</a>, <a title="Sulfoxide" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoxide">sulfoxide</a> or <a title="Disulfide" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfide">disulfide</a> poisoning),<sup id="cite_ref-80"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-80">%5B79%5D</a></sup> <a title="Grape" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape">grapes</a> and <a title="Raisin" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raisin">raisins</a>, <a title="Macadamia nut" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadamia_nut">macadamia nuts</a>, <a title="Xylitol" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol">xylitol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-81">%5B80%5D</a></sup> as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials.<sup id="cite_ref-82"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-82">%5B81%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-83">%5B82%5D</a></sup> The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can be exposed to the substance by scavenging garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death.<sup id="cite_ref-84"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-84">%5B83%5D</a></sup> Dogs are susceptible to <a title="Theobromine poisoning" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobromine_poisoning">theobromine poisoning</a>, typically from ingestion of <a title="Chocolate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate">chocolate</a>. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that for some dogs even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.</p><p style="text-align: center;">Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including <a title="Diabetes in dogs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_in_dogs">diabetes</a>, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.<sup id="cite_ref-85"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-85">%5B84%5D</a></sup></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p style="text-align: center;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</p><!--/themify_builder_static-->
Click the title to add a description and/or add items...
<!--themify_builder_static--><h1 id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="text-align: center;">A Dog's Life</h1><p style="text-align: center;">The <b>domestic dog</b> (<i>Canis lupus familiaris</i> when considered a subspecies of the <a title="Wolf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf">wolf</a> or <i>Canis familiaris</i> when considered a distinct species)<sup id="cite_ref-wang2008_4-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-wang2008-4">%5B4%5D</a></sup> is a member of the genus <i><a title="Canis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis">Canis</a></i> (canines), which forms part of the <a title="Evolution of the wolf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_wolf#Wolf-like_canids">wolf-like canids</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lindblad2005_5-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-lindblad2005-5">%5B5%5D</a></sup> and is the most widely abundant terrestrial <a title="Carnivore" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore">carnivore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-:0-6">%5B6%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fan2016_7-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-fan2016-7">%5B7%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thalmann2013_8-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-thalmann2013-8">%5B8%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vila1999_9-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-vila1999-9">%5B9%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-:1-10">%5B10%5D</a></sup> The dog and the <a title="Neontology" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neontology">extant</a> <a title="Gray wolf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_wolf">gray wolf</a> are <a title="Sister group" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_group">sister taxa</a><sup id="cite_ref-vila1997_11-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-vila1997-11">%5B11%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-freedman2014_12-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-freedman2014-12">%5B12%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-larson2014_13-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-larson2014-13">%5B13%5D</a></sup> as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first <a title="Domestication" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication">domesticated</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-freedman2014_12-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-freedman2014-12">%5B12%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-larson2014_13-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-larson2014-13">%5B13%5D</a></sup> which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is <a title="Extinction" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction">extinct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vonholdt2016_14-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-vonholdt2016-14">%5B14%5D</a></sup> The dog was the first <a title="Species" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species">species</a> to be domesticated<sup id="cite_ref-larson2014_13-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-larson2014-13">%5B13%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-perri2016_15-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-perri2016-15">%5B15%5D</a></sup> and has been <a title="Selective breeding" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breeding">selectively bred</a> over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-ADW_16-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-ADW-16">%5B16%5D</a></sup></p><p style="text-align: center;">Their <a title="Human–canine bond" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93canine_bond">long association with humans</a> has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior<sup id="cite_ref-berns2012_17-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-berns2012-17">%5B17%5D</a></sup> and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.<sup id="cite_ref-axelssonetal2013_18-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-axelssonetal2013-18">%5B18%5D</a></sup> New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencemag_19-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-sciencemag-19">%5B19%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes_20-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-latimes-20">%5B20%5D</a></sup> Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.<sup id="cite_ref-21"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-21">%5B21%5D</a></sup> Dogs perform many roles for people, such as <a title="Hunting dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting_dog">hunting</a>, <a title="Herding dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herding_dog">herding</a>, <a title="Sled dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sled_dog">pulling loads</a>, <a title="Guard dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_dog">protection</a>, <a title="Police dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_dog">assisting police</a> and <a title="Dogs in warfare" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs_in_warfare">military</a>, <a title="Pet" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet">companionship</a> and, more recently, <a title="Service dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_dog">aiding handicapped individuals</a> and <a title="Therapy dog" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy_dog">therapeutic</a> roles. This influence on human society has given them the <a title="Sobriquet" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet">sobriquet</a>"<a title="Man's best friend (phrase)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27s_best_friend_(phrase)">man's best friend</a>".</p><p style="text-align: center;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</p> [gallery type="slideshow" link="file" columns="1" size="full" ids="6508,6509,6510,6511,6512,6513,6514,2008,2003,2004,1154,2914,3372,3373,3371,3368,6528,6529,6530,6531,6532,6533,6534,6535,6536,6537,6538,6539,6540,6541,6542,6543,6544,6545,6546,6547,6548,6549,6550,6551,6552,6553,6554,6555,6556,6557,6558,6559"] <h2> </h2><ul><li style="text-align: center;">The term <i>dog</i> typically is applied both to the species (or subspecies) as a whole, and any adult male member of the same.</li><li style="text-align: center;">An adult female is a <i>bitch</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">An adult male capable of reproduction is a <i>stud</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">An adult female capable of reproduction is a <i>brood bitch</i>, or <i>brood mother</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">Immature males or females (that is, animals that are incapable of reproduction) are <i>pups</i> or <i>puppies</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">A group of pups from the same <a title="Gestation period" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation_period">gestation period</a> is a <i>litter</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">The father of a litter is a <i>sire</i>. It is possible for one litter to have multiple sires.</li><li style="text-align: center;">The mother of a litter is a <i>dam</i>.</li><li style="text-align: center;">A group of any three or more adults is a <i>pack</i>.</li></ul><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><a title="Dog health" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_health">Dog health</a><p style="text-align: center;">There are many household plants that are poisonous to dogs (and other mammals) including <a title="Begonia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begonia">begonia</a>, <a title="Poinsettia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a> and <a title="Aloe vera" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera">aloe vera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-79">%5B78%5D</a></sup></p><p style="text-align: center;">Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as <a title="Elbow dysplasia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow_dysplasia">elbow</a> and <a title="Hip dysplasia (canine)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)">hip dysplasia</a>, <a title="Blindness" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness">blindness</a>, <a title="Deafness" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafness">deafness</a>, <a title="Pulmonary valve stenosis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_valve_stenosis">pulmonic stenosis</a>, <a title="Cleft lip and palate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate">cleft palate</a>, and <a title="Luxating patella" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxating_patella">trick knees</a>. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are <a title="Pyometra" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyometra">pyometra</a>, affecting <a title="Neutering" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutering">unspayed</a> females of all types and ages, and <a title="Gastric dilatation volvulus" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_dilatation_volvulus">gastric dilatation volvulus</a> (bloat), which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as <a title="Flea" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea">fleas</a>, <a title="Tick" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick">ticks</a>, and <a title="Mite" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mite">mites</a>, as well as <a title="Hookworms" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookworms">hookworms</a>, <a title="Tapeworms" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapeworms">tapeworms</a>, <a title="Roundworms" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundworms">roundworms</a>, and <a title="Dirofilaria immitis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis">heartworms</a>.</p><p style="text-align: center;">A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including <a title="Chocolate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate">chocolate solids</a> (<a title="Theobromine poisoning" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobromine_poisoning">theobromine poisoning</a>), onion and <a title="Garlic" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic">garlic</a> (<a title="Thiosulphate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosulphate">thiosulphate</a>, <a title="Sulfoxide" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoxide">sulfoxide</a> or <a title="Disulfide" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfide">disulfide</a> poisoning),<sup id="cite_ref-80"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-80">%5B79%5D</a></sup> <a title="Grape" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape">grapes</a> and <a title="Raisin" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raisin">raisins</a>, <a title="Macadamia nut" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadamia_nut">macadamia nuts</a>, <a title="Xylitol" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol">xylitol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-81">%5B80%5D</a></sup> as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials.<sup id="cite_ref-82"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-82">%5B81%5D</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-83">%5B82%5D</a></sup> The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can be exposed to the substance by scavenging garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death.<sup id="cite_ref-84"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-84">%5B83%5D</a></sup> Dogs are susceptible to <a title="Theobromine poisoning" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobromine_poisoning">theobromine poisoning</a>, typically from ingestion of <a title="Chocolate" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate">chocolate</a>. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that for some dogs even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.</p><p style="text-align: center;">Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including <a title="Diabetes in dogs" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_in_dogs">diabetes</a>, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.<sup id="cite_ref-85"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogs#cite_note-85">%5B84%5D</a></sup></p><p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p style="text-align: center;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</p><!--/themify_builder_static-->
